The Declining Trend in Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Implications for Allowance Prices
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ž . In this paper, we find that sulfur dioxide SO emissions by electric utilities declined from 2 1985 to 1993 for reasons largely unrelated to the emission reduction mandate of Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The principal reason appears to be the decline in rail rates for low-sulfur western coal delivered to higher-sulfur coal-fired plants in the Midwest. Consequently, there is less sulfur to be removed to meet the Title IV cap on aggregate SO2 emissions, and the cost of compliance and price of allowances can be expected to be less than would otherwise have been the case. Q 1998 Academic Press
منابع مشابه
Explaining Low Sulfur Dioxide Allowance Prices: The Effect of Expectation Errors and Irreversibility
The low price of allowances has been a frequently noted featured of the implementation of the sulfur dioxide emissions market of the U.S. Acid Rain Program. This paper presents theoretical and numerical analyses that explain the gap between expected and observed allowance prices. The main contributing factors appear to be expectation errors augmented by the presence of irreversible investments.
متن کاملSulfur dioxide emissions in Iran and environmental impacts of sulfur recovery plant in Tabriz Oil Refinery
Background: Combustion of fossil fuels contributes to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. To deal with this issue, the government of Iran has appointed the oil refineries to upgrade their installations and produce high quality fuels. Thus, this study investigated the status of SO2 emissions in Iran and the capability of advanced technologies to control SO2 emissions. Methods: The status of SO2 em...
متن کاملTemporary Sequestration Credits: An Instrument for Carbon Bears
Temporary crediting of carbon storage is a proposed instrument that allows entities with emissions reductions obligations to defer some obligations for a fixed period of time. This instrument provides a means of guaranteeing the environmental integrity of a carbon sequestration project. But because the user of the temporary credit takes on the liability of renewing it, or replacing it with a pe...
متن کاملSulfur dioxide AQI modeling by artificial neural network in Tehran between 2007 and 2013
Background: Air pollution and concerns about health impacts have been raised in metropolitan cities like Tehran. Trend and prediction of air pollutants can show the effectiveness of strategies for the management and control of air pollution. Artificial neural network (ANN) technique is widely used as a reliable method for modeling of air pollutants in urban areas. Therefore, the aim of current ...
متن کاملSulfur Dioxide Control by Electric Utilities: What Are the Gains from Trade?
Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) established a market for transferable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission allowances among electric utilities. This market offers firms facing high marginal abatement costs the opportunity to purchase the right to emit SO2 from firms with lower costs, and is expected to yield cost savings compared to a command and control approach to environmental ...
متن کامل